Himalays : The Kings Of Mountains

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Himalayas


The Himalayas are a mountain range on the border of India and Tibet. They are also known as Himyan, Himvat, Himachal, and Himadri. The range stretches across six nations: Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.

The Himalayan mountain range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on Earth. It consists of some of the highest peaks of the world. More than 30 peaks of the Himalayas have a height of 7,620 m or more. The world’s highest mountain, Mount Everest, lies in the Himalayas.

Formation


The Himalayas were formed as a result of plate tectonics. Millions of years ago, all the continents were a single continent called Pangaea. About 200 million years ago, when . Pangaea broke apart, the Indian subcontinent began to forge northward. When two large landmasses, India and Eurasia, driven by plate movement collided, neither of the plates could be sub-ducted under the other. This happened because both plates had almost the same rock density. This collision thrust the plates skywards and formed the jagged Himalayan peaks.


Classification


The Himalayas have been grouped into four parallel, longitudinal mountain belts, from south to north. They are the Sub-Himalayas or the Shivaliks, the Lesser Himalayas or the Himachal, the Great Himalayas or Himadri, and the Trans-Himalayas or the Tibetan Himalayas. They have also been classified on the basis of international political boundaries as the Indian Himalayas, Nepalese Himalayas, and the Tibetan Himalayas.


Mount Everest


Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world, is located in the Himalayan range on the frontier of Tibet and Nepal. It is 8,848 m high. It is a young mountain, formed of limestone rock. It is believed that the height of the Mount Everest increases by about 0.5 cm every year. The Everest got its name from a British military engineer, Sir George Everest, who was the director of the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India between 1830 and 1843. Sir Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Tensing Norgay of Nepal became the first men to reach the top of Everest on 29 May 1953.



Sub-Himalayas


The Sub-Himalayas are the lowest range in the Himalayan system. This range forms the southernmost belt of the Himalayan range. It rises steeply from the northern plains of India and Pakistan. It runs parallel to the main ranges of the Himalayas towards the north. The SubHimalayan range is also known as Shivalik. The name ‘Shivalik’ is a Sanskrit word that means belonging to the Hindu god Lord Shiva.

Lesser Himalayas


The Lesser Himalayas form the middle section of the Himalayan mountain chain. The range extends south-east from Pakistan and passes through large parts of the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Western Uttar Pradesh. It extends to Nepal and the northeastern Himalayas. It is also known as Himachal.

Great Himalayas


The Great Himalayas are the northernmost, longest, and the most continuous belt in the Himalayan system. They lie well above the snow line with an average elevation of about 6,100 m. They rise to their maximum height in Nepal. They contain nine of the 14 highest peaks in the world, all more than 8,000 m above sea level. The highest mountain, Mount Everest, also lies in this range. The Great Himalayas are also called Himadri.


Indian Himalayas


The Indian Himalayas are a part of the Himalayan mountain range that runs through the entire northern region of India. The range covers a vast area along the northern frontiers of the country. It spans across five Indian states-Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh.The Indian Himalayas can be divided into many ranges: Kashmir, Ladakh, Zanskar, Lahaul and Spiti, Chamba, Kinnaur, Kumaon, Garhwal, Sikkim, and Arunachal.


Trans-Himalayan range (Tibetan Himalayas)


The Trans-Himalayan range is a region that covers the Tibetan Plateau. The region covers an area of about 1,000 km. The southern part of Tibet, the highest plateau in the world, falls within the Himalayan region. Mt Everest (8,848 m), Namcha Barwa (7, 756 m) and Gurla Mandhata (7,728 m) define the southern border of Tibet

Nepalese Himalayas


The Himalayan range in Nepal has nine of the world’s 14 highest peaks. The range covers three-fourths of the land of Nepal. The world’s highest mountain peak, Mt Everest, also lies in Nepal. Lhotse, Nuptse, Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, and Manaslu are examples of the other high peaks. 

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