What is Microscope and who invented this amazing thing ?

Microscope

A microscope is an optical instrument that is used to view objects that are invisible to the naked eye.Microscope use a combination of the images of very small objects.

The first microscope were known as 'flea glasses' as they were used to view fleas or tiny creeping things.These microscope were simple tubes with a plate  and a lens at the ends.they magnified the image to more than 10 times the actual size.

The first microscope

the art of grinding glasses and making spectacles was known to people since the 14th century.the first microscope was made by Hans and Zacharias Jansen of the Netherlands in 1590.Hans and Zacharias Jansen were lens maker they made a microscope by placing two lenses in a tube

Microscopy

Microscopy is the science of examining small objects using microscope.the three branches of microscopy are optical microscopy,electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy.

Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke was a British scientist. he lived in London in the 17th century.he study various objects with his microscope.he published his result in his book "micrographia".

he was the first person to examine fossils with a microscope. he observed the similarities between fossils of various object and theirs living counterparts.

Charles a. Spencer 

Charles a. Spencer was a America's first microscope manufacturer.Spencer published his catalog in 1838.he began operating as c.a. Spencer and sons in 1865.the company was Incorporated in 1895 and named Spencer lens company.it was the only microscope manufacturing company in America for a long time.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Anton van Leeuwenhoek is known as the father of microscopy.he was the first person to use simple microscope to observe blood,insect and many other objects.he described cells and bacteria seen throught his small microscope.his microscope was simple device that use only one lens. the body was made of brass plates.the lens was mounted in a tiny whole in the plate.Leeuwenhoek mounted the specimen on a sharp point in front of the lens.the microscope was 8-10cm long.Leeuwenhoek's microscope look liked the modern day magnifying lenses.Leeuwenhoek made several pioneering studies of microscopy object during his lifetime.he made over 500 microscopes.

Electrons microscope 

The electron microscope was designed by Ernst ruska in 1931. Ruska was a German engineer.electron microscope allowed scientist to view very small things that could not be seen with a light microscope Ernst ruska was awarded the Nobel prices in physics in 1986 for his fundamental work in electron optics and for his design of the first electron microscope.
electron microscope use electrons  instead of white light to magnify images.beams of speeding electrons are focused on the sample.these beams are then absorbed by the sample,which then forms the image on an electron-sensitive photographic plates.

Compound Microscope

A compound microscope form a greatly enlarged image. it uses and objectives lens with the short focal length to form an image.the focal length of eyepiece use also short.the compound microscope in its simplest form was used by Robert Hooke.it had three lenses--one on the nose piece near the object,another at the top of the barrel that acted an eyepiece,and a third field lens inside the barrel close to the objective . Hooke illustrated his compound microscope in his book,micrographia in 1665.